Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), as of 2023, approximately 1 in 36 children in the United States is diagnosed with ASD, with boys being 3.8 times more likely to be affected than girls (Maenner et al., 2023).

The prevalence of autism in the U.S. has risen by 312% since 2000, reflecting a growing awareness and better diagnostic practices (Centers for Disease Control, 2024). The economic impact of ASD is significant, affecting individuals throughout their lives. The lifetime cost of supporting a person with ASD can reach up to $3.6 million, encompassing healthcare, education, and support services (Cakir et al., 2020).

References

• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 2013.
• Centers for Disease Control 2024, Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder, assessed 16 August 2024, https://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/index.html
• Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ 2023;72(No. SS-2):1–14.
• Cakir J, Frye RE, Walker SJ. The Lifetime Social Costs of Autism: 1990-2029. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2020; 72:101502.